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# 预览模式

This document is for Next.js versions 9.3 and up. If you’re using older versions of Next.js, refer to our previous documentation .

Examples

  • WordPress Example (Demo )
  • DatoCMS Example (Demo )
  • TakeShape Example (Demo )
  • Sanity Example (Demo )
  • Prismic Example (Demo )
  • Contentful Example (Demo )
  • Strapi Example (Demo )
  • Prepr Example (Demo )
  • Agility CMS Example (Demo )
  • Cosmic Example (Demo )
  • ButterCMS Example (Demo )
  • Storyblok Example (Demo )
  • GraphCMS Example (Demo )
  • Kontent Example (Demo )
  • Umbraco Heartcore Example (Demo )

In the Pages documentation and the Data Fetching documentation , we talked about how to pre-render a page at build time (Static Generation) using getStaticPropsand getStaticPaths.

Static Generation is useful when your pages fetch data from a headless CMS. However, it’s not ideal when you’re writing a draft on your headless CMS and want to previewthe draft immediately on your page. You’d want Next.js to render these pages at request timeinstead of build time and fetch the draft content instead of the published content. You’d want Next.js to bypass Static Generation only for this specific case.

Next.js has a feature called Preview Modewhich solves this problem. Here are instructions on how to use it.

# Step 1. Create and access a preview API route

Take a look at the API Routes documentation first if you’re not familiar with Next.js API Routes.

First, create a preview API route. It can have any name - e.g. pages/api/preview.js(or .tsif using TypeScript).

In this API route, you need to call setPreviewDataon the response object. The argument for setPreviewDatashould be an object, and this can be used by getStaticProps(more on this later). For now, we’ll use {}.

export default function handler(req, res) {
  // ...
  res.setPreviewData({})
  // ...
}

res.setPreviewDatasets some cookieson the browser which turns on the preview mode. Any requests to Next.js containing these cookies will be considered as the preview mode, and the behavior for statically generated pages will change (more on this later).

You can test this manually by creating an API route like below and accessing it from your browser manually:

// A simple example for testing it manually from your browser.
// If this is located at pages/api/preview.js, then
// open /api/preview from your browser.
export default function handler(req, res) {
  res.setPreviewData({})
  res.end('Preview mode enabled')
}

If you use your browser’s developer tools, you’ll notice that the __prerender_bypassand __next_preview_datacookies will be set on this request.

# Securely accessing it from your Headless CMS

In practice, you’d want to call this API route securelyfrom your headless CMS. The specific steps will vary depending on which headless CMS you’re using, but here are some common steps you could take.

These steps assume that the headless CMS you’re using supports setting custom preview URLs. If it doesn’t, you can still use this method to secure your preview URLs, but you’ll need to construct and access the preview URL manually.

First, you should create a secret token stringusing a token generator of your choice. This secret will only be known by your Next.js app and your headless CMS. This secret prevents people who don’t have access to your CMS from accessing preview URLs.

Second, if your headless CMS supports setting custom preview URLs, specify the following as the preview URL. (This assumes that your preview API route is located at pages/api/preview.js.)

https://<your-site>/api/preview?secret=<token>&#x26;slug=<path>
  • <your-site>should be your deployment domain.
  • <token>should be replaced with the secret token you generated.
  • <path>should be the path for the page that you want to preview. If you want to preview /posts/foo, then you should use &#x26;slug=/posts/foo.

Your headless CMS might allow you to include a variable in the preview URL so that <path>can be set dynamically based on the CMS’s data like so: &#x26;slug=/posts/{entry.fields.slug}

Finally, in the preview API route:

  • Check that the secret matches and that the slugparameter exists (if not, the request should fail).

  • Call res.setPreviewData.

  • Then redirect the browser to the path specified by slug. (The following example uses a 307 redirect ).

export default async (req, res) => {
  // Check the secret and next parameters
  // This secret should only be known to this API route and the CMS
  if (req.query.secret !== 'MY_SECRET_TOKEN' || !req.query.slug) {
    return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Invalid token' })
  }

  // Fetch the headless CMS to check if the provided `slug` exists
  // getPostBySlug would implement the required fetching logic to the headless CMS
  const post = await getPostBySlug(req.query.slug)

  // If the slug doesn't exist prevent preview mode from being enabled
  if (!post) {
    return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Invalid slug' })
  }

  // Enable Preview Mode by setting the cookies
  res.setPreviewData({})

  // Redirect to the path from the fetched post
  // We don't redirect to req.query.slug as that might lead to open redirect vulnerabilities
  res.redirect(post.slug)
}

If it succeeds, then the browser will be redirected to the path you want to preview with the preview mode cookies being set.

# Step 2. Update getStaticProps

The next step is to update getStaticPropsto support the preview mode.

If you request a page which has getStaticPropswith the preview mode cookies set (via res.setPreviewData), then getStaticPropswill be called at request time(instead of at build time).

Furthermore, it will be called with a contextobject where:

  • context.previewwill be true.
  • context.previewDatawill be the same as the argument used for setPreviewData.
export async function getStaticProps(context) {
  // If you request this page with the preview mode cookies set:
  //
  // - context.preview will be true
  // - context.previewData will be the same as
  //   the argument used for `setPreviewData`.
}

We used res.setPreviewData({})in the preview API route, so context.previewDatawill be {}. You can use this to pass session information from the preview API route to getStaticPropsif necessary.

If you’re also using getStaticPaths, then context.paramswill also be available.

# Fetch preview data

You can update getStaticPropsto fetch different data based on context.previewand/or context.previewData.

For example, your headless CMS might have a different API endpoint for draft posts. If so, you can use context.previewto modify the API endpoint URL like below:

export async function getStaticProps(context) {
  // If context.preview is true, append "/preview" to the API endpoint
  // to request draft data instead of published data. This will vary
  // based on which headless CMS you're using.
  const res = await fetch(`https://.../${context.preview ? 'preview' : ''}`)
  // ...
}

That’s it! If you access the preview API route (with secretand slug) from your headless CMS or manually, you should now be able to see the preview content. And if you update your draft without publishing, you should be able to preview the draft.

# Set this as the preview URL on your headless CMS or access manually,
# and you should be able to see the preview.
https://<your-site>/api/preview?secret=<token>&#x26;slug=<path>

# More Details

# Clear the preview mode cookies

By default, no expiration date is set for the preview mode cookies, so the preview mode ends when the browser is closed.

To clear the preview cookies manually, you can create an API route which calls clearPreviewDataand then access this API route.

export default function handler(req, res) {
  // Clears the preview mode cookies.
  // This function accepts no arguments.
  res.clearPreviewData()
  // ...
}

# Specify the preview mode duration

setPreviewDatatakes an optional second parameter which should be an options object. It accepts the following keys:

  • maxAge: Specifies the number (in seconds) for the preview session to last for.
setPreviewData(data, {
  maxAge: 60 * 60, // The preview mode cookies expire in 1 hour
})

# previewData size limits

You can pass an object to setPreviewDataand have it be available in getStaticProps. However, because the data will be stored in a cookie, there’s a size limitation. Currently, preview data is limited to 2KB.

# Works with getServerSideProps

The preview mode works on getServerSidePropsas well. It will also be available on the contextobject containing previewand previewData.

# Works with API Routes

API Routes will have access to previewand previewDataunder the request object. For example:

export default function myApiRoute(req, res) {
  const isPreview = req.preview
  const previewData = req.previewData
  // ...
}

# Unique per next build

Both the bypass cookie value and the private key for encrypting the previewDatachange when next buildis completed. This ensures that the bypass cookie can’t be guessed.

**Note:**To test Preview Mode locally over HTTP your browser will need to allow third-party cookies and local storage access.

# Learn more

The following pages might also be useful.

Data FetchingLearn more about data fetching in Next.js. API RoutesLearn more about API routes in Next.js. Environment VariablesLearn more about environment variables in Next.js.

Last Updated: 5/13/2023, 8:55:38 PM

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